Some useful UNIX commands to know
---------------------------------

pwd		"print working directory" --  prints out the full pathname
		of the current directory you are in.

cd [pathname]	"change directory" -- changes the current directory to be
		the directory specified by [pathname].
		Examples:  cd sub1
			   cd /home/joeschmo

cd ..		change to the current directory's parent directory (i.e.,
		move "up" one level in the filesystem hierarchy)

cd		change to your top-level "home" directory

ls		list files in the current directory (except those whose
		names begin with ".")

ls -l		list files using "long" format, showing file permissions,
		ownership, size, modification date, etc.

ls -a		list all files in the current directory, including files
		whose names begin with "."

ls [pathname]	list files in the directory specified by [pathname]

ls .		list files in the current directory

ls ..		list files in the current directory's parent directory

man [command]	print manual pages for a command.
		Example:  man ls

mv [p1] [p2]	rename (move) file specified by pathname [p1] to be [p2]
		Examples:  mv oldfile newfile (renames oldfile to be newfile)
			   mv sub1/oldfile .. (moves oldfile to a different directory)

mv [d1] [d2]   rename (move) entire directory [d1] to be [d2]

cp [p1] [p2]	make a new copy of the file specified by pathname [p1],
		and call the new copy [p2]
		Examples:  cp oldfile newfile (afterwards, oldfile still exists)

rm [pathname]	delete file specified by [pathname]

mkdir [dir]	create a new directory called [dir]

rmdir [dir]	remove directory specified by pathname [dir] (which must be empty)

who		find out who else is logged onto the system

w		find out who is on the system and what they're doing

finger [user]   find out information about a specific user

cat [file]	print out contents of [file] on the screen

cat [f1] [f2]	concatenate the contents of the files [f1] and [f2] and print
		the result on the screen
		Example:  cat data1 data2

cat [f1] [f2] > [f3]	concatenate the contents of files [f1] and [f2] and
			store the result in a new file called [f3] (if [f3]
			already exists then its contents are overwritten)
			Example:  cat data1 data2 > alldata

cat [f1] [f2] >> [f3]	concatenate the contents of files [f1] and [f2] and
			append the result to the end of file [f3] (without
			overwriting any existing data in [f3])

more [file]	print out contents of [file] on the screen a page
		at a time, pausing at each screenful

less [file]	another pager (like more) for viewing files a page at a time

chmod 700 [dir]   change permissions on directory [dir] so that it is accessible
	          only to the owner. 
chmod 600 [file]  change permissions on file [file] so that it is readable and
		  writable to the owner. 

chmod 755 [dir]   change permissions on directory [dir] so that it is readable
		  to anyone (owner, group, and others), and writable by owner
	  
chmod 644 [file]  change permissions on file [file] so that it is readable
		  to anyone (owner, group, and others), and writable by owner

chmod [ugo]+[rwx] [file] set specific permissions to [file] for owner, group or
			 others  (e.g. "chmod g+r blah" sets read permission 
			 for group on file "blah")
		
chmod [ugo]-[rwx] [file] remove specific permissions from [file] for owner, 
		 	 group or others (e.g. "chmod o-rw blah" removes read 
			 and write permission for others from file "blah") 

passwd		change your account's password

exit/logout	log off the system

date		show the current date and time

lpr [file]	print out [file] on the local printer (the printer in the Sun
                Lab is called "TheDicer")

enscript -2rG [file]	print out [file] nicely in two-column format in
			"landscape" orientation (paper rotated clockwise by
			90 degrees, like this printout)

lpq		show the printer requests currently being processed (each
                request is assigned a "job number" and goes to the "printer
                queue", where it waits until it has finished printing)

lprm [job#]	remove job number [job#] from the printer queue